In part 1, we presented an overview of the product life cycle (PLC) and product development cycle (PDC), as well as the difference between the two. Part 2 explained in detail the 12 steps of the product life cycle (PDC). In this final part, we offer some practical suggestions on PDC implementation. The secret to […]
Part 2: Winning with a sustainable PDC management process in embedded systems design – 12 steps
In part 1, we provided an overview of the product life cycle (PLC) and product development cycle (PDC), noting their distinct differences. In this second part, we will explain in detail the 12 steps of the product development cycle (PDC). Figure 1 shows the typical flow chart of a PDC management process and the 12 […]
Winning with a sustainable PDC management process in embedded system design
This is the first in a three-part tutorial series explaining how to implement the product development cycle process. Nearly everyone knows Microsoft Excel. Fewer know Lotus 123, and almost no one remembers VisiCalc, the first version of a spreadsheet computer program for personal computers, which ran on the Apple II. There have been a few […]
Key factors to consider when choosing a microcontroller
When designing an embedded system with an MCU, which one should you pick? This guide provides you with a quick overview to help you narrow down your choices. A microcontroller (MCU), is the smallest and most basic computer. Running on a single chip, it has a CPU, memories (RAM and ROM), and interfaces (input/output ports) […]
The three approaches to AI design
One of the hottest tech trends is artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications. Various sectors are using AI to solve problems and gain productivity. For instance, a school recently deployed a virtual telephone assistant, also known as a conversational agent, to help students with questions on what classes to take. Students were happy with the […]
LoRaWAN security design tips, Part 2: Taking the integrated approach
Part 1 of this two-part series on security design discussed using a stand-alone security chip. Here in Part 2, we’ll cover solutions that use an integrated chip and module, combining security and microcontroller (MCU) functions in a single chip. Integrated chip Cypress’ PSoC 6 MCU single-chip, dual-core architecture comprises the Arm Cortex-M4 and the Arm […]
LoRaWAN security design tips: Designing with a stand-alone security chip
With the growth of the Internet of Things, cyber attacks are increasing at an alarming rate (Figure 1). Key provisioning, a process of key generation and device authentication, is a critical part of establishing security. Whoever holds the key will be able to access the payloads, i.e. the valuable data stored in the application server(s). […]
Cybersecurity basics: Authentication and “key” management in LoRaWAN, Part 2
In part 1, we described the process of providing end-to-end security and some of the challenges in achieving network security. In this installment, we will go over how authentication work to achieve end-to-end network security between the end devices and the application servers. Device authentication and key management Each LoRaWAN device is given a unique 128-bit […]
Cybersecurity basics: Server and end device relationship to LoRaWAN network, Part 1
Providing end-to-end security is the ultimate security goal of every wireless network. Each reported successful cyber attack serves as a reminder that achieving security is easier said than done. Let’s first examine the process. Most of us know about using strong passwords and encryption. The most vulnerable security component is key management during device activation […]
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