Robots are no longer confined to factory floors behind safety fences. Collaborative and humanoid robots now operate in direct proximity to people, shifting safety from a contained engineering problem to a system-level risk with real human consequences. Humanoid robots are currently being designed for use in public and semi-public spaces, such as warehouses, restaurants, and […]
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What are the benefits of RISC-V in AI, ML, and embedded systems?
The open-source nature of RISC-V brings the benefits of a modular and royalty-free instruction set architecture (ISA) that eliminates licensing fees, can accelerate development, and fosters customization for diverse applications, including artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), the Internet of Things (IoT), and embedded systems. Automation levels are being increased in many types of applications, […]
How is physical artificial intelligence used to optimize data center efficiency?
Physical AI (PAI) in data center power systems uses machine learning for predictive maintenance, energy optimization, load balancing, and physical security. In essence, PAI is being used for data center optimization to support the demands of digital AI (DAI) applications like training large language models (LLMs), running inference for real-time applications, and supporting infrastructure like […]
What is an AI governor and how does it relate to physical AI?
An AI governor is a framework, set of policies, or an oversight mechanism designed to ensure that the development and use of AI systems are ethical, safe, transparent, and compliant with legal and societal standards. The term can also refer to an actual piece of code or circuit (governor logic) used as a safety mechanism […]
How is physical AI used in autonomous and electric vehicles?
Physical AI (PAI) in autonomous and electric vehicles (EVs) involves systems that perceive the environment, make intelligent decisions, and execute appropriate actions in real-time, bridging the gap between digital intelligence and physical motion. PAI is autonomous, and electric vehicles can be used for several functions. Initially, it’s helping improve battery management and energy efficiency. In […]
What are the applications of physical artificial intelligence?
Physical artificial intelligence (PAI) enables machines to perceive, reason, and act within the real world, bridging the gap between digital AI (DAI), sometimes called virtual AI, and physical action. PAI often leverages spatial artificial intelligence (SAI) technology. PAI applications span numerous industries, from basic automation to autonomous vehicles and complex surgical procedures. PAI applications represent […]
What is physical artificial intelligence and why is it important?
Physical artificial intelligence (PAI) refers to AI systems that can perceive, understand, reason about, and interact with the physical world in real time through sensors and actuators. Unlike digital AI (DAI), which operates in virtual domains, PAI powers tangible actions in dynamic, real-world environments. PAI is used in closed-loop systems where the AI model not […]
Cloud connectivity for edge AI: bridging the demo-to-deployment gap
Most edge AI demonstrations operate flawlessly in controlled environments with stable networks, predictable traffic, and carefully managed credentials. In contrast, many production deployments fail under real-world conditions. This technical article outlines the best practices required for reliable edge AI deployment. It covers bandwidth planning for peak conditions and buffering strategies that maintain stability during degraded […]
Feedback topologies and architecture explained
Feedback refers to a core concept in circuit design and control theory, used to stabilize amplifiers and control system behavior. This article outlines the fundamental architecture of feedback, classifies standard topologies, and examines a practical hardware implementation as a case study. What is the fundamental architecture of a feedback system? A feedback system consists of […]
MCUs and MPUs, which does your project really need?
The basics of microcontroller units (MCUs) and microprocessor units (MPUs) haven’t changed too much. But application requirements have. What was once a simple automotive, industrial, or medical control system may now include edge AI processing, increasingly demanding security requirements, or complex 3D animated human machine interfaces (HMIs). That can change the game when choosing between […]
