Direct memory access (DMA) allows peripherals to transfer data directly to and from memory without requiring the CPU to handle each cycle. As the CPU’s role is minimized, DMA enables the CPU to perform other high-priority tasks and ensures faster data transfers in the background. How does the DMA controller work to reduce the load […]
FAQ
Building the quantum future: how to master quantum control design
By Udo Weiss and Christian Ganninger, nVent In quantum computing systems, control electronics are critical in facilitating the operation and manipulation of qubits. Their precision ensures the integrity and accuracy of quantum computing processing and results. Engineers need minimal latency in the low milliseconds to effectively operate their chassis, including switches and central processing unit […]
10Base-T1S simplifies automotive zonal architectures
By Andreas Pellkofer and Madhura Deyanda Poonacha, Analog Devices Automakers aim to provide vehicles with home-like comfort and entertainment, which raises demand for electronic control units (ECUs). Older bus technologies and electrical/electronic architectures struggle to keep up. 10Base-T1S Ethernet is transforming cars into fully connected experiences. Automotive electronic control units (ECUs), which control each component […]
How software segregation minimizes the impact of AI/ML on safety-critical software
With the growing use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in safety-critical software, developers are considering software segregation and guardian applications to mitigate functional safety risks. By Mark Pitchford, LDRA The push toward artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in embedded systems raises questions about adapting functional safety processes and tools to achieve compliance. […]
10Base-T1S/L connects sensors in cars and buildings
IEEE 802.3cg defines these two Ethernet flavors, which deliver data and power over a single pair of wires. In 2019, IEEE published 802.3cg, which added clauses 146 and 147 to its Ethernet 802.3 standard, which created 10Base-T1S (short reach) and 10Base-T1L (long reach). These two Ethernet flavors can serve vehicles and industry, respectively, where few […]
What is the automotive SENT protocol?
Get the basics on the SENT bus, which transmits sensor data to ECUs and other vehicle processors, one nibble at a time. How do you test the automotive SENT protocol? Test & Measurement Tips describes how to test the data bus. The Single Edge Nibble Transmission (SENT) protocol defines an approach to data communications in […]
How is Zephyr used for edge AI and sensors?
Zephyr is a scalable open-source real-time operating system (RTOS) hosted by the Internet of Things (IoT) and embedded technology section of the Linux Foundation. Its modular architecture makes it highly flexible and suitable for use on resource-constrained edge devices and sensors. This article reviews Zephyr’s structure and features, examines how Zephyr supports neural networks and […]
How do AI and ML enhance SASE security?
Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) has emerged as a leading architecture for cloud deployments. Its primary function is to provide comprehensive cloud-based secure access while maintaining seamless access to data and applications for users of cloud computing services. This article compares SASE with a traditional network architecture and then looks at how artificial intelligence (AI) […]
How is HIL testing used for onboard EV chargers?
Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing is a real-time simulation that enables designers to test embedded code for EV chargers without needing the actual system hardware. It speeds development efforts and reduces development costs. This article begins with an overview of HIL testing and onboard chargers (OBCs), looks at specific types of HIL testing applied to OBCs, and […]
How does a recurrent neural network (RNN) remember?
There are several types of neural networks (NNs). Recurrent NNs (RNNs) can “remember” data and use past information for inferences. This article compares recurrent NNs with feed-forward NNs (FFNNs) that can’t remember, then digs into the concept of backpropagation through time (BPTT) and closes by looking at long short-term memory (LSTM) RNNs. RNNs and FFNNs […]
