An AI governor is a framework, set of policies, or an oversight mechanism designed to ensure that the development and use of AI systems are ethical, safe, transparent, and compliant with legal and societal standards. The term can also refer to an actual piece of code or circuit (governor logic) used as a safety mechanism […]
FAQ
How is physical AI used in autonomous and electric vehicles?
Physical AI (PAI) in autonomous and electric vehicles (EVs) involves systems that perceive the environment, make intelligent decisions, and execute appropriate actions in real-time, bridging the gap between digital intelligence and physical motion. PAI is autonomous, and electric vehicles can be used for several functions. Initially, it’s helping improve battery management and energy efficiency. In […]
What are the applications of physical artificial intelligence?
Physical artificial intelligence (PAI) enables machines to perceive, reason, and act within the real world, bridging the gap between digital AI (DAI), sometimes called virtual AI, and physical action. PAI often leverages spatial artificial intelligence (SAI) technology. PAI applications span numerous industries, from basic automation to autonomous vehicles and complex surgical procedures. PAI applications represent […]
What is physical artificial intelligence and why is it important?
Physical artificial intelligence (PAI) refers to AI systems that can perceive, understand, reason about, and interact with the physical world in real time through sensors and actuators. Unlike digital AI (DAI), which operates in virtual domains, PAI powers tangible actions in dynamic, real-world environments. PAI is used in closed-loop systems where the AI model not […]
Cloud connectivity for edge AI: bridging the demo-to-deployment gap
Most edge AI demonstrations operate flawlessly in controlled environments with stable networks, predictable traffic, and carefully managed credentials. In contrast, many production deployments fail under real-world conditions. This technical article outlines the best practices required for reliable edge AI deployment. It covers bandwidth planning for peak conditions and buffering strategies that maintain stability during degraded […]
Feedback topologies and architecture explained
Feedback refers to a core concept in circuit design and control theory, used to stabilize amplifiers and control system behavior. This article outlines the fundamental architecture of feedback, classifies standard topologies, and examines a practical hardware implementation as a case study. What is the fundamental architecture of a feedback system? A feedback system consists of […]
MCUs and MPUs, which does your project really need?
The basics of microcontroller units (MCUs) and microprocessor units (MPUs) haven’t changed too much. But application requirements have. What was once a simple automotive, industrial, or medical control system may now include edge AI processing, increasingly demanding security requirements, or complex 3D animated human machine interfaces (HMIs). That can change the game when choosing between […]
FAQ on Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM)
There are many non-volatile memory technologies in use; RRAM is another option — maybe. Random access memory (RAM), sometimes called by a more descriptive name of read/write (R/W) memory, is critical to modern electronic systems. Small amounts are needed as a numeric scratchpad or to store data samples before processing; moderate amounts are needed to […]
What is automotive Ethernet?
Automotive Ethernet is a physical layer standard that adapts standard Ethernet technology to the specific demands of the electric vehicle (EV) environment. This article examines how AE is evolving in-vehicle networking to meet the high-bandwidth, reliability, and architectural requirements of next-generation connected and autonomous vehicles. Networks, such as Controller Area Network (CAN) and Local Interconnect […]
Can chiplets save the semiconductor supply chain?
We’re making more semiconductors than ever before, and yet somehow, it’s still not enough. Demand is continuously increasing, spurred by the rise of AI in our everyday lives, but production still faces bottlenecks. The problem is more than just scale; it comes down to the structure of the manufacturing industry as a whole. As of […]
