Functional safety is becoming one of the most important features in embedded systems, especially in the automotive and industrial markets, where safety and reliability are critical design attributes. It encompasses the development of a Safety Integrity Level (SIL) according to IEC 61508 functional safety standard for the general industry and an Automotive Safety Integrity Level […]
Four major design considerations in secure boot for IoT applications
Secure boot, the first line of defense against security breaches in embedded systems, verifies the pre-boot authentication of system firmware using a root-of-trust service and thus safeguards code and data to prevent malicious activities. It’s a critical security measure to protect connected devices like the Internet of Things (IoT) endpoints because most security breaches such […]
Three RTOS basics: What, when and how
While real-time operating system (RTOS) software is becoming a key feature in the out-of-box support for embedded systems built around MCUs, the overall concept of RTOS is still muddy for many design engineers. So, here is when and why RTOS solutions are needed in embedded designs. But, before that, what is RTOS anyway, especially when […]
The AI-enabled MCUs: Basic design venues
What has the tiny microcontroller got to do with the mighty artificial intelligence (AI) world and its technology offshoots like machine learning and deep learning? After all, the AI designs have mostly been associated with powerful CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs. Right? While this notion is not far from reality, it’s quickly changing with AI’s journey […]
LIDAR and Time of Flight, Part 4: Circuitry and advances
LIDAR systems and ToF techniques are critical to providing self-driving cars with a detailed picture of the surrounding and is used in many research applications as well. This is the final part of a four-part series on LIDAR systems and ToF techniques. The high-level block diagram of a LIDAR system inherently glosses over the many […]
LIDAR and Time of Flight, Part 3: Emitters, sensors, and scanners
LIDAR systems and ToF techniques are critical to providing self-driving cars with a detailed picture of the surrounding and is used in many research applications as well. This is part three of a four-part series on LIDAR systems and ToF techniques. At the front end of a LIDAR system is the photon emitter and its […]
LIDAR and Time of Flight, Part 2: Operation
LIDAR systems and ToF techniques are critical to providing self-driving cars with a detailed picture of the surrounding and is used in many research applications as well. This is part two of a four-part series on LIDAR systems and ToF techniques. Just as for radar and sonar, the LIDAR concept is simple but the execution […]
LIDAR and Time of Flight, Part 1: Introduction
LIDAR systems and ToF techniques are critical to providing self-driving cars with a detailed picture of the surrounding and is used in many research applications as well. Many of the major automobile vendors, along with well-known non-auto companies such as Google, are devoting major resources to developing autonomous vehicles (often called “self-driving cars”). These vehicles […]
What is the LoRaWAN certification process?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is on the upward trajectory and seeing applications in an increasing number of sectors or industries. In these IoT applications, the IoT devices will be installed in remote or hard-to-reach locations and expected to operate for a long time without repair. Because the IoT devices collect and integrate many different […]
The fundamentals of MCU-based hardware virtualization
Virtualization, a powerful technology concept commonly associated with high-end applications in servers, is coming to the microcontrollers featuring multiple execution domains via multiple CPUs with a lock-step mechanism. The microcontrollers that incorporate hardware-based virtualization-assisted functions mark a new integration milestone in the embedded design world. Moreover, by running multiple software components on a single MCU […]
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