The key to modern asymmetric cryptography is to create an equation that is easy to solve in one direction but difficult to reverse by an adversary in the other direction. Traditionally, this was done through modular arithmetic, where a large prime modulus and a generator were used to generate a key, although there are multiple […]
FAQ
A survey of Wi-Fi connectivity modules for IoT applications: part 4
This last FAQ in this series will cover Broadcom, Telit Cinterion, and Renesas’s latest innovations in Wi-Fi connectivity solutions for IoT applications. These innovations continue to focus on Wi-Fi 6 and 7 technologies, which offer improved speed combined with other features. Broadcom: BCM43740/43720/47722/6765/6726/67263 Broadcom’s BCM43740/43720/47722/6765/6726/67263 are the latest versions of the company’s Wi-Fi modules, featuring […]
A survey of Wi-Fi connectivity modules for IoT applications: part 2
This second part of the multipart FAQ will focus on Wi-Fi modules from u-blox and Microchip Technology. u-blox, a Swiss company primarily known for GPS and cellular technologies, has recently expanded into Wi-Fi modules. Microchip Technology is based in the US and is known for developing low-power connectivity options for IoT applications. u-blox: MAYA-W4 Series […]
A survey of Wi-Fi connectivity modules for IoT applications part 1
Wi-Fi connectivity has become important for many IoT ecosystems, enabling data exchange with cloud servers and facilitating real-time monitoring. This multipart FAQ on Wi-Fi connectivity for modules for IoT applications will focus on 10 prominent manufacturers and their modules that every electronics engineer should know. This first part focuses on Expressif Systems and Texas Instruments, […]
Accelerating high-performance AI workloads with photonic chips
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) continue to push the limits of conventional semiconductor architectures. To increase speeds, lower latency, and optimize power consumption for high-performance workloads, semiconductor companies and research institutions are developing advanced photonic chips that operate on the principles of light rather than electrical currents. This article discusses the limitations of […]
How to minimize design cycles for AI accelerators with advanced DFT and silicon bring-up
Design for testability (DFT) embeds testable features into an integrated circuit (IC) during design, while silicon bring-up initiates chip evaluation and debugging. Streamlining these sequential processes minimizes design cycles and shortens time-to-market (TTM) for advanced artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators. This article explores the complexities of AI chip design and outlines strategies for optimizing DFT and […]
How to test IoT device wireless capabilities
Testing the wireless capabilities of IoT devices before production helps ensure reliable connectivity, optimal performance, and seamless integration across a wide range of applications. This article reviews key IoT wireless parameters and highlights Wi-Fi, 5G, and Bluetooth LE testing priorities. It also discusses how wireless testing supports optimal LPWAN and ZigBee IoT device functionality. Analyzing […]
How to integrate theft-prevention tracking capabilities in IoT devices
Microcontrollers and wireless modules combine to add connectivity and theft-prevention features to IoT devices for automotive, industrial, medical, and smart-home use. Many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) integrate theft-prevention tracking capabilities into their IoT devices. This article reviews key trade-offs and considerations for selecting wireless tracking technologies and highlights the crucial role microcontroller units (MCUs) play […]
How does a zero trust security architecture work?
Zero trust architectures (ZTAs) are a reaction to the emergence of cloud computing, remote work, and bringing your own device (BYOD) into enterprise networks. Those trends result in networks not completely contained within an enterprise-owned boundary, significantly complicating network security needs. This article briefly reviews the purpose and structure of ZTAs, looks at some relevant […]
What can be done to prepare for post quantum cryptography?
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), also called quantum-safe cryptography, uses mathematical algorithms to create security environments resistant to quantum computer attacks. PQC is a rapidly evolving technology, and preparing for its adoption requires keeping up with developments in several areas. As part of the formalization of PQC algorithms, NIST has finalized the algorithms and changed their names […]
